Vitamin+D

Other names: Calciferol, calcified, cholecalciferol, dihydroxycholecalciferol, sun vitamin, antirachitic vitamin,

The body produces it from ultraviolet rays of the sun.

Calciferol: both vitamin & prohormone, vital for health of bones and teeth. Essential to metabolism of calcium. No matter the amount of calcium ingested it will not be absorbed without vitamin D

Vitamin refers to a group of lip soluble substances sometimes called D pro-vitamins: ergocalciferol (D2), cholecaliferol (D3), ect… The body transforms these into a hormonal form - Calcitriol (1.25-dihydroxycholecalciferol) which is the form the body can use.

Functions
-Metabolism of calcium and phosphorus (formation of bones) -Cardiac action -Maintenance of nervous system -Normal coagulation -Skin respiration

Lab Levels
~>60 is ideal

Daily Needs

 * 0-50 years || 5mg. || 200IU ||
 * 51-70 years || 10mg. || 400IU ||
 * 70+ years || 15mg. || 600IU ||

Some say 800IU or even 1000IU would be more adequate, particularly in elderly people or those prone to deficiency.

Tolerable maximum intakes: 1000IU for infants up to 6 months old and 2000IU for anything above 6 months. It is confirmed a daily dose of 4000IU is definitely safe.

Pro-Compounds
Vitamin A, C, F, calcium and phosphorus

Anti-Compounds
Mineral Oils

Deficiency
Symptoms: -Bone demineralization (bones and teeth that become soft) -Burning sensation in the mouth and throat -Diarrhea -Insomnia -Myopia -Nervousness -Slow Metabolism

Deficiency is rare in developed countries, however problems w/ intestinal absorption, as well as mucoviscidosis (cystic fibrosis) or celiac dis-ease can cause a vitamin D deficit.

Excess
It is liposoluble and can accumulate in the body causing: -Headaches -Nausea -Vomiting -Weight Loss -Intense Fatigue

In the case of truly excessive and prolonged supplementation, vitamin D can cause: -Diarrhea -Increase in the elimination of urine (polyuria) -Feeling of Thirst -Irritability -Abnormal Growth in Children -Deafness -Blindness -Death

Food Sources

 * FOOD || QUANTITY || VITAMIN D ||
 * Salmon, grilled or poached || 100g. (3oz.) || 15-26mg. ||
 * Tuna, red, grilled || 100g. (3oz.) || 23mg. ||
 * Oysters, raw, grilled || 100g. (3oz.)(2-4 medium) || 8-20mg. ||
 * Atlantic Cod, marinated || 100g. (3oz.) || 17mg. ||
 * Shiitake Mushrooms, dried || 10 mushrooms (36g.) || 15mg. ||
 * Salmon, smoked || 100g. (3oz.) || 10mg. ||
 * Trout, grilled || 100g. (3oz.) || 5-7mg. ||
 * Eel, grilled || 100g. (3oz.) || 6mg. ||
 * Pickerel, grilled || 100g. (3oz.) || 5mg. ||
 * Atlantic or Pacific Halibut, grilled || 100g. (3oz.) || 5mg. ||
 * Atlantic Cod, lightly smoked & salted || 100g. (3oz.) || 5mg. ||
 * Egg, yolk only, raw || 2-4 large yellow (80g.) || 3mg. ||
 * Northern Pike, grilled || 100g. (3oz.) || 3mg. ||
 * Cow’s Milk, 0%, 3.25% || 250ml. (1 cup) || 1-3mg. ||
 * Soy Drink, enriched || 250ml. (1 cup) || 2mg. ||
 * Rice Drink, enriched || 250ml. (1 cup) || 2mg. ||
 * Flounder or Sole, grilled || 100g. (3oz.) || 2mg. ||
 * Atlantic Sardines, canned || 100g. (3oz.) || 2mg. ||
 * Beef Liver, braised or sautéed || 100g. (3oz.) || 1mg. ||
 * Swiss Cheese (Emmental) || 50g. (1oz.) || 1mg. ||

Therapeutic Indications and Dosages
If you expose your face to the sun for 15-30 during it’s zenith, 2-3 times a week you will generally meet needs. If over 50 years, you may require supplementation

Prevention of Osteoporosis: 800IU a day in conjuncture w/ 700-800mg. Of calcium and 400mg. Of magnesium a day -Osteomalacia

To combat deficits caused by poor assimilation in: -Crohn’s dis-ease -Cystic Fibrosis (mucovisidosis)

Others vitamin D can help: -Acne -Alcoholism -Allergies -Arthritis -Cystitis -Eczema -Psoriasis -Stress -Celiac Dis-ease -Burns (severe) -Depression -Hypertension (deficiency only) -Prostate Cancer -Seasonal Affective Disorder -Type I and II Diabetes

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====================================================================================== //Medical Nutrition://

• Sunshine vitamin, prevents rickets, 1918, in cod liver oil • 1924- UV light gave some foods antirachitic properties • VitD ~Cholecalciferol – potency 1x • ~25-Hydroxycholicalciferol made in the liver - potency 5x

• VitD3 ~1,25 dihydroxycholecalciferol - comes from animal products - potency 10x • And is induced to form in the kidneys by calcitonin (which also pushes it into bones)

• VitD2 ~ergocalciferol • RDA synthesized in the skin with 30 minutes of sunlight at moderate latitudes between March and October • North of Sacramento between November and February/March- no VitD formed. • D is absorbed from intestines with bile, and stored in the liver, bone,brain and skin. • Osteoporotic women have normal 25HCC, but low 1.25DHCC

Function
• 1,25DHCC (D3) is most active. • Increases absorption of Ca from intestines • If Ca levels low in the blood, it increases Ca resorption from bones (with PTH). • Increases serum Ca levels, If serum Ca is normal, it stores Ca in bones.

• Requirements: RDA 400iu adults, 400 children, adolescents and pregnant/lactating • Optimum: Maybe 0 to 800-1000iu Latitude/ time of year, pollution, clouds, VitD antagonists, skin color… most say a couple thousand is ideal

• Sources: Sunshine- UV light our skin synthesizes- 20min=200iu; sunburn=10,000iu and it is stored for winter • Food: Halibut, Sardines, cod liver oil, fish, human milk, fortified milk, mushrooms • Tanning lamps can increase D levels UVB

Deficiency:
• -Rickets in children that don’t get outside Sxs: -Infants- restlessness, poor sleep, reduced mineralization of skull, • -Older infants, sitting, and crawling delay, abnormal formation of skull and costal area, enlargement of epiphyseal growth plates, open fontanelles, delayed teeth eruptions, and growth, bowed legs, and knock knees. • -Adults with deficiency will get Osteomalacia, with demineralization of spine, pelvis and lower extremities. Sxs: burning mouth and throat, nervousness, diarrhea, and insomnia. • Insufficiency is prevalent • In 1988-1994 – 55% • In 2001- 2004 - 77% (National Health and Nutrition Survey) • Insufficiency causes CVD, Cancer, decreased bone density, immune function, fat depostion, diabetes, depression and others • 10 million Americans have ostoporosis now. • 34 have osteopenia, • In 7 large studies Calcium with D reduced overall fracture 8% and hip fracture 16%, and risk of falls 19%. • Risk of hip fracture was reduced 18% • Non vertebral fractures 20% • Supplementing D3 in a new study showed a dramatic increase in bone density (VRP Ap2010 Vol 24, #8) • Metabolic syndrome – 43% reduction with highest levels of Vit D, and 52% reduction in CAD, 75% reduction in stroke. (greater than 30ng/ml) • Colorectal cancer • IRS, Depression,Weight management

• Lab: Increased alkaline phosphatase, decreased 25 HCC, and serum phos. • Serum Ca will be normal or sometime low. • Causes of deficiency: • dark skin, reduced sun exposure, malabsorption, intestinal surgery, IBS, kidney or liver disease, Cushing’s disease, hypothyroid and anticonvulsive drug therapy.

Treatment:
• 1. Rickets 1000-5000iu/d with 1000mgCa, possibly more, / bile salts • 2. Fractures and falls 1000-3000iu/d with cal/mag and VitK • 3. Osteoporosis 1000-3000iu D with K/Cal/Mag/Boron/ Strontium (sun best) • 4. Cancer prophylaxis 200-400/d induces differentiation decreased prostate, breast, and lymphatic cancers, improving bone pain, muscle strength, improving life quality. (TLNov2000) • 5. Psoriasis- topical calcitriol or sunlight (Lyme’s?) • 6. Preventing falls in elderly plus improves proprioceptive, 1200 mg Cal/800iuD- no change just Ca. (J.Bone Mineral Res 2003;18,p343) • 7. Blood pressure- reduces angiotensin-renin (CHF improved with D, Ca/Mag, berberine, TLDec2003 p21;) aside: ginkgo improved vitiligo 40% 40mg TID, also same TL- UC caused by antibiotics- cleared gut with polyethylene glycol replaced fecal flora with normal fecal flora- 100% recovery) • 8. Ovarian cysts (TLAp2004p30) (Bee propolis infertility due to endometriosis –Sterility 2003 80Supp3) • 9. Hospital patients had very low VitD levels (TL p76,Jan99) • 10. Diabetes 1 and 2- dramatically reduces blood sugar

Toxicity:
• 2000-3000iu caused toxicity in some, 1000iu occasionally. (But this is the dose now given – good to check levels with blood work) • Most toxicity is initiated by 25,000-60,000iu/dx1-4 mo. – I have never seen this with years of dosing with Vit D • Sxs: Headaches, weakness, nausea and vomiting, constipation, polyuria, calcification of soft tissueskidney, lungs, tympanic membrane, or ears. VitA displaces D.
 * • Interactions**: prednisone, Dilantin, olestra