Vitamin+E

Other names: Natural: d-alpha-tocopherol, d-beta-tocopherol, d-gamma-tocopherol, d-delta-tocopherol, RRR-alpha-tocopherol, conjugated tocopherols, tocotrienol, d-alpha-tocopheryl acetate or succinate Synthetic:dl-alpha-tocopherol, dl-alpha-tocopheryl acetate or succinct, all-rac-alpha-tocopherol

Plays essential role in protecting membranes of all cells of the body.

It is an antioxidant, prevents or reduces the oxidation of low density lipoproteins (LDL) LDL oxidation is associated w/ appearance of atherosclerosis, therefore associated w/ cardiovascular dis-ease.

Also has anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and vasodilator properties These also act to cardio protect

Facilitates body’s assimilate of selenium and vitamin K

Functions
-Slows aging -Anti-coagulant factor -Reduces Blood Cholesterol -Facilitates circulation of blood to the heart -Increases resistance of capillary walls -Fertility -Virility (erection) -Pulmonary Protection (pollution) -Maintenance of muscles and nerves

Daily Needs

 * 0-6 months || 4mg. ||
 * 7-12 months || 5mg. ||
 * 1-3 years || 6mg. ||
 * 4-8 years || 7mg. ||
 * 9-13 years || 11mg. ||
 * 14+ years || 15mg. ||
 * Pregnant Women || 15mg. ||
 * Breastfeeding Women || 19mg. ||

Pro-Compounds
Vitamin A, B-Complex,B1,B8,C,F,manganese, selenium, and phosphorus

Anti-Compounds
-Birth Control Pills -Chlorine -Mineral Oils -Rancid Oils and fats (oxidized)

Deficiency
Rare in developed countries Generally related to problems w/ fat absorption (cystic fibrosis, celiac dis-ease, and crohn’s dis-ease) Symptoms of deficiency appear especially over the long-term, generally through neurological problems attributed to impaired nervous conduction. Symptoms: -Acne -Allergies -Diarrhea -Dry Skin -Dry Hair -Eczema -Gallstones -Nail Problems -Underweight -Varicose Veins

Excess

 * AGE || TOLERABLE UPPER INTAKE LEVEL ||
 * 1-3 years || 200mg. ||
 * 4-8 years || 300mg. ||
 * 9-13 years || 600mg. ||
 * 14-18 years || 800mg. ||
 * 18+ years || 1000mg. ||

Food Sources

 * FOOD || SERVING || VITAMIN E ||
 * Wheat Germ Oil || 15ml. (1tbsp.) || 21mg. ||
 * Unblanched Almonds, dry or oil roasted or dehydrated || 60ml. (¼ cup) || 9-18mg. ||
 * Sunflower Seeds, dry roasted || 60ml. (¼ cup) || 8mg. ||
 * Hazelnuts, Filberts, unblanched, dry roasted || 60ml. (¼ cup) || 5-8mg. ||
 * Sunflower Oil || 15ml. (1tbsp.) || 7mg. ||
 * Safflower Seed Oil || 15ml. (1tbsp.) || 5mg. ||
 * Breakfast cereals, 100% bran || 30g. (1oz.) || 3-5mg. ||
 * Enriched Soy Drinks || 250ml. (1 cup) || 3mg. ||
 * Corn and Canola Oil || 15ml. (1tbsp.) || 3mg. ||
 * Peanuts, oil roasted || 60ml. (¼ cup) || 2-3mg. ||
 * Soy Oil || 15ml. (1tbsp.) || 3mg. ||
 * Tomato Paste, canned || 60ml. (¼ cup) || 3mg. ||
 * Flax Seeds || 60ml. (¼ cup) || 2mg. ||
 * Mixed Nuts, oil or dry roasted || 60ml. (¼ cup) || 2mg. ||
 * Roe, different species || 30ml. (2tbsp.) || 2mg. ||
 * Corn or Wheat Bran, raw || 30g. (1oz.) || 2mg. ||
 * Peanut or Olive Oil || 15ml. (1tbsp.) || 2mg. ||
 * Avocado || 1 avocado (90g.) || 2mg. ||
 * Asparagus, boiled or raw || 125ml. (½ cup) || 1-2mg. ||
 * Spinach, boiled || 125ml. (½ cup) || 1-2mg. ||

Therapeutic Indications
-Anemia (from deficiency) -Burns (w/ vitamin C) -Epilepsy (for children) -Immune System (for the elderly) -Intermittent claudicating -Rheumatoid Arthritis -Tardive Dyskinesia -Prevents Prostate Cancer -Prevents Parkinson’s Dis-ease -Prevents Alzheimers

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================================================================================================== Medical Nutrition • (Tocopherol) In 1922, the anti-sterility vitamin; came originally from wheat germ. (P181) • -Tocopherol = Greek for to bear offspring • -Oily yellow liquid that is lipid soluble, heat and acid stable, degenerates with alkali, light, oxygen and exposure to lead and iron. • -Frying and freezing decreases potency. • -8 different tocopherols, 4 occur naturally: alpha, beta, gamma and delta.

• -D-Alpha is found most commonly in the blood, but can have less activity than other tocopherols. It reduces protein-kinase which reduces cancer growth, also cataracts from diabetes. • -D,l-alpha tocopherol is synthetic and has negative side-effects. • -delta tocopherol decreases breast cell cancer lines • -Gamma tocopherol has the most cardiovascular activity and can be displaced by d-a tocopherol; it lowers cholesterol and is most abundant in nature. • Absorption- requires bile salts and is 20-30%.

Function
• -Protects cell membranes, esp. lungs and RBCs • -Protects fatty acids from free radicals, pollutants and peroxides (reduces AD 70% w/C) • -Reduces lipofuscin – oxidized fats- formation and accompanied aging. • -If deficient PUFA oxidation occurs, causing DNA damage • -Inhibits mutagen formation in the feces with VitCreducing polyps and colon cancer • -Hepatic and other tissue protective from pollutants- ozone and other smog. • -Protective of body with chemotherapy and radiation (Adriamyacin and cardiac toxicity-Boik) • -Works synergistically with selenium, C, GSH, carotenoids… quenches free radicals, peroxides and other harmful substances -VitE protects RBCs from oxygen • -Sickle cell has been helped by it (with Mg) • -Also; nerve and muscle fx, Protects brain from degeneration (plus nutrition, well water, exercise) CP Feb 2003 Premies, Musc. Dystrophy, Cholesterol oxidation, ASD is reduced 70% with 800iu. Anti-inflammatory, decreases Lipoxygenase- and increased PGE2 and leukotrienes Anti-platelet aggregation

• **RDA**: 15iu ODI: 400-800iu • **Sources**: wheat germ oil, yogurt, nuts, seeds, mayo,

Treatment
• 1. Nocturnal Cramps (Satya: w/ vitamin D, cal/Mg) • 2. Intermittent Claudication (D, Cal/mag, carnitine, fish oil, BVit.) • 3. Restless legs (D, Cal/mag, carnit, fish oil, BVit, MTHF) • 4. Muscular dystrophy • 5. Dysmenorrhea reduced 68% • 6. Fibrocystic breast disease (reduce sugar, bad fats and caffeine including chocolate) • 7. PMS • 8. Spontaneous abortion • 9. Scleroderma, and scar tissue • 10. Herpetic lesions and neuralgia • 11. Raynaud’s • 12. Acne • 13. Seborrheic dermatitis • 14. Menopause • 15. Psoriasis • 16. Osgood Schlatter’s w/Selenium • 17. Allergies and inflammatory thrombophlebitis • 18. Anemia, sickle cell and other hemolytic anemia (consider wheat sensitivity?) • 19. Osteoarthritis analgesia (800iu) • 20. Cystic fibrosis- defective absorption VitE, d/t lack of bile salts, include bile salts • 21. Retrolental fibroplasias- O2 damage in Premies • 22. SIDS • 23. Premature infants • 24. Down’s syndrome – increased oxidative problem • 25. Diabetes 1200iu reduced LDL, reduced lipid peroxidation, glucose, TGs, retinopathy, neuropathy, and urinary albumin. • 26. AIDS stopped immune dysfunction and reduced bone marrow difficulties with AZT • 27. Reduces viral infections in elders, also stopping side-effects to vaccinations, and abnormal Ab response • 28. Cardiovascular: decreases platelet aggregation Increases HDL Decreases vascular fragility Protects endothelial arteries from oxidation and LDL oxidation (Tocotrienes)

Toxicity
• 1800iu/d increases clotting time. VitE can interfere with VitK. > than 500iu can reduce immunity • Increased heart contractions? –Start low dose and increase gradually. D,l-alpha may decrease immunity and increases blood clots (natural VitE seems best). Too much, can increase TGs, can cause nausea, flatulence and diarrhea. • **Interactions**: Iron inactivates, Synergistic with Se, VitA prevents VitE oxidation, lg doses reduce VitK absorption and increase bleeding time. If PUFAs eaten, need more VitE. Careful with patients on coumadin. • Safety? (Vitamin Research News Feb.2005 review –1-800- 877-2447) Nov 2004, Annals of Internal Medicine: “High dose VitE increases death risk. Mixed studies, leaving out positive studies found an overall death rate higher than regular population. Data poorly analyzed and I think incorrect results found.