Hematology

Anemias Thrombocytopenia Leukopenia Acute and Chronic Leukemias Hodgkin's Disease Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

blood
1. formed elements a. RBC’s, WBC’s, platelets b. RBC’s: Hgb to carry oxygen c. WBC’s --- polys and monos in marrow --- lymphs and plasma cells in lymph nodes, spleen, thymus d. platelets - hemostasis

Bone marrow
1. produces RBC’s and WBC’s

Liver
1. can produce RBC’s if necessary

Spleen
1. stores and releases blood in small amounts 2. cleans blood ---old fragile RBC’s broken down in spleen

History
A. fatigue, weakness, paleness B. easy bruising or bleeding C. any bleeding D. black tarry stools E. vomiting or coughing blood F. amount of menstrual flow if female G. easy infections H. past hx of anemia I. place of birth of parents and self

observation
1. skin for paleness, petechiae, ecchymosis 2. conjunctiva pale if anemic

palpation
1. HR - tachycardia 2. lymphadenopathy 3. palpate liver and spleen for enlargement

Laboratory
1. amounts of RBC’s and WBC’s 2. Hgb, Hct (% of RBC’s relative to plasma volume) 3. platelet count 4. WBC differential - amounts of types of WBC’s 5. RBC morphology 1. serum iron 2. % saturation 3. serum ferritin
 * CBC - complete blood count**
 * ESR**
 * bleeding time, PT, PTT**
 * iron panels**
 * serum B12 and folate levels**

neutrophilia lymphocytopenia
 * bacterial Infecttion**

lymphocytosis neutropenia
 * viral infection**