Hemorrhage


 * Bleeding** is the loss of blood from the circulatory system. Bleeding can occur internally, where blood leaks from blood vessels inside the body or externally, either through a natural opening such as the vagina, mouth or rectum, or through a break in the skin. The complete loss of blood is referred to as exsanguination, and desanguination is a massive blood loss.

=Types of Bleeding=
 * **Class I Hemorrhage** involves up to 15% of blood volume. There is typically no change in vital signs and fluid resuscitation is not usually necessary.
 * **Class II Hemorrhage** involves 15-30% of total blood volume. A patient is often tachycardic (rapid heart beat) with a narrowing of the difference between the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The body attempts to compensate with peripheral vasoconstriction. Skin may start to look pale and be cool to the touch. The patient might start acting differently. Volume resuscitation with crystaloids ([|Saline solution] or [|Lactated Ringer's solution]) is all that is typically required. Blood transfusion is not typically required.
 * **Class III Hemorrhage** involves loss of 30-40% of circulating blood volume. The patient's [|blood pressure] drops, the heart rate increases, peripheral perfusion, such as capillary refill worsens, and the mental status worsens. Fluid resuscitation with crystaloid and [|blood transfusion] are usually necessary.
 * **Class IV Hemorrhage** involves loss of >40% of circulating blood volume. The limit of the body's compensation is reached and aggressive resuscitation is required to prevent death.

=Treatment=

Recommended Minerals
-Iron