Manganese+(Mn)

Manganese is related to iron, and some of it's salts (carbonate, sulphate) are used to treat anemia. The body contains ~15mg. of manganese, essentially stored in the liver and kidneys and pancreas. Necessary for many body functions, manganese is found in the ground and is therefore in all foods of vegetable and animal origin.

=Role of Manganese= -Powerful anti-allergy agent -Helps metabolism of fats and sugars -Counters infection -Reinforces the body's natural immunity -Maintains integrity of mitochondria -Necessary for bone growth -Helps sense of balance -Involved in reproductive functions

=Pro-Compounds= Unknown

=Anti-Compounds= Zinc, Phosphorus, Chromium, Magnesium, and Calcium interacts w/ manganese

=Daily Requirements= Quantities are not well known, but are somewhere between 1.5-2mg./day

=Sources= CONENTS IN mg./100
 * Hazelnuts || 4.20 ||  ||   || Raspberries || 0.50 ||
 * Chestnuts || 3.70 ||  ||   || Green Olives || 0.50 ||
 * Gooseberries || 3.30 ||  ||   || Green Peas || 0.50 ||
 * Split Peas || 2.40 ||  ||   || Green Beans || 0.45 ||
 * Soya Beans || 2.30 ||  ||   || Peaches || 0.40 ||
 * White Beans || 2.00 ||  ||   || Calf Liver || 0.40 ||
 * Almonds || 1.80 ||  ||   || Artichokes || 0.35 ||
 * Nuts || 1.70 ||  ||   || Dried Figs || 0.35 ||
 * Peanuts || 1.50 ||  ||   || Prunes || 0.30 ||
 * Coconuts || 1.40 ||  ||   || Raisins || 0.30 ||
 * Garlic || 1.30 ||  ||   || Asparagus || 0.30 ||
 * Whole Wheat Bread || 1.20 ||  ||   || Endives || 0.30 ||
 * Pineapples || 1.00 ||  ||   || Oysters || 0.20 ||
 * Beets || 0.90 ||  ||   || Green Cabbage || 0.20 ||
 * Parsley || 0.90 ||  ||   || Apricots || 0.20 ||
 * Spinach || 0.80 ||  ||   || Tomatoes || 0.15 ||
 * Bananas || 0.75 ||  ||   || Dates || 0.15 ||
 * White Bread || 0.60 ||  ||   || Milk || 0.10 ||
 * Watercress || 0.50 ||  ||   || Eggs || 0.02 ||
 * Lettuce || 0.50 ||  ||   || Meat || 0.02 ||
 * ||  ||   ||   || Fish || 0.02 ||

Manganese-rich Food Supplements
-Seaweed -Wheat Germ -Pollen -Seawater -Plasma Marinum -Molasses

=Therapeutic Indications= -Asthma -Hay-fever -Hives -Eczema -Migraines -Hepatic Deficiencies -Dyspepsia -Cystitis

=
============================================================ //Medical Nutrition// MANGANESE • -Found in the mitochondria. • -Component of enzymes: mt SOD, glutamine synthetase, pyruvate caboxylase • -Poorly absorbed – 1% (citrate enhances absorption)

Function
• -Forms connective tissue, skin and bones • -Tendon and ligament strength • -Ear otolith development • -Bone remodeling – Works with VitK to bind Ca++ in the bone • -DM –lowered levels (1/2) glucose tolerance improves with 5mg/d • -Supports SOD in mitochondria reducing oxidative damage

• Estimated need: 2-5mg/d • Avg. intake: .3 • ODI: 10-20mg/d (?TSE exacerbation)

• **Sources:** Nuts and whole grains

• **Deficiency**: Not common, -Mg can replace it, Sxs: sterility, skeletal abnormalities, glucose intolerance, and ataxia.

Treatment
• 1. Arthritis/osteopenia deficiency decreased cartilage formation with osteoblasts • 2. Connective tissue damage – helpful in carpal tunnel in menopausal women • 3. Bone repair • 4. Epilepsy? (in animal studies) in people, 20mg/d improved speech and cognitive fx. • 5. Tardive dyskinesia (Prevent- 15mg/d, Tx- 60mg/d) from phenothiazines. Dystonia.

Toxicity
• Parkinson’s with inhalation, also- psychiatric illness, hallucinations and violence -Ingestion – of over 100mg –nausea • Interactions: interferes with iron, copper, and zinc absorption. High Mg, Ca, iron, Cu and Zn interfere with its absorption. -May 2004 Medline increased Mn displaced Cu and there were increases in TSE prions in the brain.