Strabismus

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Definition:
direction of the eyes deviates from a normal parallel orientation; • paralytic (noncomitant) • nonparalytic (comitant or concomitant)

Etiology:
• paralytic: may follow defects in oculomotor nuclei, nerves or muscles; may be caused by CNS, thyroid, muscle diseases, congenital abnormalities, trauma, neoplasm, infection • nonparalytic: muscles function but do not properly converge; may follow vision problems, especially pediatric hyperopia • some physicians have noted mild strabismus associated with anxiety states in young people, particularly in anorexic/bulimic types.

Somatic Therapies:
• eye exercises: can include patching of strong eye

Nutrition:
fresh juices: • endive juice mixed with carrot juice (Walker, p. 53)

Botanicals
• Physostigma venenosum (toxic): intermittent (Ellingwood, p. 189)

Acupuncture
after assessing the person and palpating, consider these patterns Shi (Excess) of the Yang Qiao Mai (Yang Motility Vessel) and/or Xu (Deficiency) of the Yin Qiao Mai (Yin Motility Vessel)

» illustrative combinations: • UB-1, St-2, TW-3 and LI-4 for strabismus (Lee and Cheung, p. 347) • GB-20, LI-4 and qiu hou for internal strabismus (Shanghai, p. 688; Lee and Cheung, p. 347) • GB-20, LI-4 and jian ming for external strabismus (Shanghai, p. 688; Lee and Cheung, p. 347) • tai yang and qiu hou for internal strabismus; also consider: TW-3 and LI-4 (Shanghai, p. 688) • UB-1 and St-2 joined to xia jing ming and jian ming for external strabismus (Shanghai, p. 688) • GB-2, St-2, TW-23, tai yang, qiu hou (+): affected side: to clear local channels • GB-1, St-2, tai yang, TW-23, qiu hou (all on right side), Lv-3 and St-36 (bilaterally) for strabismus due to Qi Stagnation and Xue Yu (Blood Stasis) in the channels (Jirui and Wang, p. 222) • UB-62 and SI-3: open the Yang Qiao Mai (Yang Motility Vessel) which transports Yang, moistens the eyes, and controls the opening and closing of the eyes, and for which eye conditions are a Shi (Excess) symptom • Kd-6 and Lu-7: open the Yin Qiao Mai (Yin Motility Vessel) which transports Yin, moistens the eyes, and controls the opening and closing of the eyes, and for which eye conditions are a Xu (Deficiency) symptom

Homeopathy
• Agaricus muscarius: divergent; squinting as a relic of former convulsions, with twitching and jerking in eyeballs; from colic spasms, during which lids open and close rapidly • Alumina: strabismus of both eyes; convergent; during dentition; divergent, child when teething may suffer from strabismus; this comes from weakness of internal rectus muscle of the affected eye • Belladonna: from brain irritation, or spasmodic action of muscles • Calcarea carbonica: convergent, left turned in; slight dull/blurred appearance; severe pain over whole head after straining or overexerting eyes; short-sighted to read; nose has to touch paper; at 3 to 4 inches distance objects appear blended or flowing into one another; photophobia • Chininum sulphuricum: alternate days, periodic • Cicuta virosa: convergent, particularly when of a spasmodic nature; mental emotions or fear >, periodic; with epilepsy or concussion • Cina: convergent; strabismus after worms; child has a pale, sickly look; blue ring around eyes; pain about navel; frequent urination, boring of nose • Colocynthis: divergent • Conium maculatum: divergent • Cyclamen europaeum: left turned in; from menstrual or gastric irregularities; convergent; diplopia; strabismus after convulsions, measles, helminthiasis, falls; objects appear in a circle or turn up and down; obstinacy in wormy children • Gelsemium: strabismus dependent upon weakness of external rectus; ptosis; constant inclination to squint • Hyoscyamus: squinting; spasmodic action of internal rectus; eyes distorted protruding, divergent • Jaborandi: convergent, divergent; periodic and resulting from spasm of internal recti; also for return of squint after an operation • Kali bichromicum: after night terrors • Kali phosphoricum: after brain disease • Magnesia phosphorica: convergent; spasmodic • Natrum muriaticum: divergent • Nux vomica: convergent, periodic • Nux moschata: mental emotions or fear aggravates • Santoninum: strabismus due to worms; dark rings about eyes • Sepia: dullness of sight, also when writing; nocturnal enuresis during first sleep • Spigelia: strabismus with worms, itching at the anus; chronic twitching of eyelids and great inclination to wink • Stramonium: squinting from spasmodic action of eye muscles; obscuration of vision; sometimes the effect of a fright; strabismus from brain affections, epilepsy, eclampsia or chorea if < by mental emotions, terror, fear etc. • Sulphur: nightly itching of skin; cutaneous eruptions; constipation • Tabacum: strabismus dependent on brain troubles; exophthalmos in consequence of weakness of recti muscles, pressive sensation in eyes when moving them; while reading • Tuberculinum: with meningitis

Subtle Support
• notes: A#, B, C, D#, E, G, G#

• chords: diminished 8th, C Major, D# Major, G# Major (Gimbel, p. 116)

musculoskeletal: • Sousa's marches • The Anvil Chorus • William Tell Overture • Brahm's Hungarian Dances • By the Waters of the Minnetonka (Heline, p. 18)

Mind/Body
• Fear of looking at the present, right here. (Hay, 1984, p. 164) • Eyes represent not liking what you see in your own life. (Hay, 1984, p. 163)

• Liver ~ Gan is the home of the Hun (Ethereal Soul); it relates to decisiveness, control, and the principle of emergence; controls the muscles, especially their contractility; opens into the eyes; and reflects emotional harmony and movement. » Healthy expressions are kindness, spontaneity, and ease of movement. » Liver Xu (Deficiency) signs include impotence; frigidity; pain in thighs, pelvic region, and throat; ready tendency to "the blahs" (Seem, p. 28); timidity; depression; irritability; vertigo; pruritus; dry eyes, skin, and/or tendons; asthma; aching at the waist; hernia; and difficulty raising head up and down. » Tumors and other masses are considered a form of Xue Yu (Blood Stasis) and thus ultimately are derived from Qi Stagnation. Liver Qi Stagnation reflects and accentuates emotional constraint as the Liver's function of facilitating smooth flow in the body is constricted. Stagnation is associated with frustration, irritability, tension, and feeling stuck. With time this pattern tends to produce a gloomy emotional state of constant resentment, repressed anger or depression, along with tightness in the chest, frequent sighing, abdominal tension or distension, and/or a feeling of a lump in the throat with difficulty in swallowing. (Maciocia, p. 216)
 * Chinese psychophysiology:**